three.js/examples/jsm/objects/Sky.js

import {
	BackSide,
	BoxGeometry,
	Mesh,
	ShaderMaterial,
	UniformsUtils,
	Vector3
} from 'three';

/**
 * Represents a skydome for scene backgrounds. Based on [A Practical Analytic Model for Daylight](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220720443_A_Practical_Analytic_Model_for_Daylight)
 * aka The Preetham Model, the de facto standard for analytical skydomes.
 *
 * Note that this class can only be used with {@link WebGLRenderer}.
 * When using {@link WebGPURenderer}, use {@link SkyMesh}.
 *
 * More references:
 *
 * - {@link http://simonwallner.at/project/atmospheric-scattering/}
 * - {@link http://blenderartists.org/forum/showthread.php?245954-preethams-sky-impementation-HDR}
 *
 *
 * ```js
 * const sky = new Sky();
 * sky.scale.setScalar( 10000 );
 * scene.add( sky );
 * ```
 *
 * @augments Mesh
 * @three_import import { Sky } from 'three/addons/objects/Sky.js';
 */
class Sky extends Mesh {

	/**
	 * Constructs a new skydome.
	 */
	constructor() {

		const shader = Sky.SkyShader;

		const material = new ShaderMaterial( {
			name: shader.name,
			uniforms: UniformsUtils.clone( shader.uniforms ),
			vertexShader: shader.vertexShader,
			fragmentShader: shader.fragmentShader,
			side: BackSide,
			depthWrite: false
		} );

		super( new BoxGeometry( 1, 1, 1 ), material );

		/**
		 * This flag can be used for type testing.
		 *
		 * @type {boolean}
		 * @readonly
		 * @default true
		 */
		this.isSky = true;

	}

}

Sky.SkyShader = {

	name: 'SkyShader',

	uniforms: {
		'turbidity': { value: 2 },
		'rayleigh': { value: 1 },
		'mieCoefficient': { value: 0.005 },
		'mieDirectionalG': { value: 0.8 },
		'sunPosition': { value: new Vector3() },
		'up': { value: new Vector3( 0, 1, 0 ) },
		'cloudScale': { value: 0.0002 },
		'cloudSpeed': { value: 0.0001 },
		'cloudCoverage': { value: 0.4 },
		'cloudDensity': { value: 0.4 },
		'cloudElevation': { value: 0.5 },
		'time': { value: 0.0 }
	},

	vertexShader: /* glsl */`
		uniform vec3 sunPosition;
		uniform float rayleigh;
		uniform float turbidity;
		uniform float mieCoefficient;
		uniform vec3 up;

		varying vec3 vWorldPosition;
		varying vec3 vSunDirection;
		varying float vSunfade;
		varying vec3 vBetaR;
		varying vec3 vBetaM;
		varying float vSunE;

		// constants for atmospheric scattering
		const float e = 2.71828182845904523536028747135266249775724709369995957;
		const float pi = 3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169;

		// wavelength of used primaries, according to preetham
		const vec3 lambda = vec3( 680E-9, 550E-9, 450E-9 );
		// this pre-calculation replaces older TotalRayleigh(vec3 lambda) function:
		// (8.0 * pow(pi, 3.0) * pow(pow(n, 2.0) - 1.0, 2.0) * (6.0 + 3.0 * pn)) / (3.0 * N * pow(lambda, vec3(4.0)) * (6.0 - 7.0 * pn))
		const vec3 totalRayleigh = vec3( 5.804542996261093E-6, 1.3562911419845635E-5, 3.0265902468824876E-5 );

		// mie stuff
		// K coefficient for the primaries
		const float v = 4.0;
		const vec3 K = vec3( 0.686, 0.678, 0.666 );
		// MieConst = pi * pow( ( 2.0 * pi ) / lambda, vec3( v - 2.0 ) ) * K
		const vec3 MieConst = vec3( 1.8399918514433978E14, 2.7798023919660528E14, 4.0790479543861094E14 );

		// earth shadow hack
		// cutoffAngle = pi / 1.95;
		const float cutoffAngle = 1.6110731556870734;
		const float steepness = 1.5;
		const float EE = 1000.0;

		float sunIntensity( float zenithAngleCos ) {
			zenithAngleCos = clamp( zenithAngleCos, -1.0, 1.0 );
			return EE * max( 0.0, 1.0 - pow( e, -( ( cutoffAngle - acos( zenithAngleCos ) ) / steepness ) ) );
		}

		vec3 totalMie( float T ) {
			float c = ( 0.2 * T ) * 10E-18;
			return 0.434 * c * MieConst;
		}

		void main() {

			vec4 worldPosition = modelMatrix * vec4( position, 1.0 );
			vWorldPosition = worldPosition.xyz;

			gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * vec4( position, 1.0 );
			gl_Position.z = gl_Position.w; // set z to camera.far

			vSunDirection = normalize( sunPosition );

			vSunE = sunIntensity( dot( vSunDirection, up ) );

			vSunfade = 1.0 - clamp( 1.0 - exp( ( sunPosition.y / 450000.0 ) ), 0.0, 1.0 );

			float rayleighCoefficient = rayleigh - ( 1.0 * ( 1.0 - vSunfade ) );

			// extinction (absorption + out scattering)
			// rayleigh coefficients
			vBetaR = totalRayleigh * rayleighCoefficient;

			// mie coefficients
			vBetaM = totalMie( turbidity ) * mieCoefficient;

		}`,

	fragmentShader: /* glsl */`
		varying vec3 vWorldPosition;
		varying vec3 vSunDirection;
		varying vec3 vBetaR;
		varying vec3 vBetaM;
		varying float vSunE;

		uniform float mieDirectionalG;
		uniform vec3 up;
		uniform float cloudScale;
		uniform float cloudSpeed;
		uniform float cloudCoverage;
		uniform float cloudDensity;
		uniform float cloudElevation;
		uniform float time;

		// Cloud noise functions
		float hash( vec2 p ) {
			return fract( sin( dot( p, vec2( 127.1, 311.7 ) ) ) * 43758.5453123 );
		}

		float noise( vec2 p ) {
			vec2 i = floor( p );
			vec2 f = fract( p );
			f = f * f * ( 3.0 - 2.0 * f );
			float a = hash( i );
			float b = hash( i + vec2( 1.0, 0.0 ) );
			float c = hash( i + vec2( 0.0, 1.0 ) );
			float d = hash( i + vec2( 1.0, 1.0 ) );
			return mix( mix( a, b, f.x ), mix( c, d, f.x ), f.y );
		}

		float fbm( vec2 p ) {
			float value = 0.0;
			float amplitude = 0.5;
			for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i ++ ) {
				value += amplitude * noise( p );
				p *= 2.0;
				amplitude *= 0.5;
			}
			return value;
		}

		// constants for atmospheric scattering
		const float pi = 3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169;

		const float n = 1.0003; // refractive index of air
		const float N = 2.545E25; // number of molecules per unit volume for air at 288.15K and 1013mb (sea level -45 celsius)

		// optical length at zenith for molecules
		const float rayleighZenithLength = 8.4E3;
		const float mieZenithLength = 1.25E3;
		// 66 arc seconds -> degrees, and the cosine of that
		const float sunAngularDiameterCos = 0.999956676946448443553574619906976478926848692873900859324;

		// 3.0 / ( 16.0 * pi )
		const float THREE_OVER_SIXTEENPI = 0.05968310365946075;
		// 1.0 / ( 4.0 * pi )
		const float ONE_OVER_FOURPI = 0.07957747154594767;

		float rayleighPhase( float cosTheta ) {
			return THREE_OVER_SIXTEENPI * ( 1.0 + pow( cosTheta, 2.0 ) );
		}

		float hgPhase( float cosTheta, float g ) {
			float g2 = pow( g, 2.0 );
			float inverse = 1.0 / pow( 1.0 - 2.0 * g * cosTheta + g2, 1.5 );
			return ONE_OVER_FOURPI * ( ( 1.0 - g2 ) * inverse );
		}

		void main() {

			vec3 direction = normalize( vWorldPosition - cameraPosition );

			// optical length
			// cutoff angle at 90 to avoid singularity in next formula.
			float zenithAngle = acos( max( 0.0, dot( up, direction ) ) );
			float inverse = 1.0 / ( cos( zenithAngle ) + 0.15 * pow( 93.885 - ( ( zenithAngle * 180.0 ) / pi ), -1.253 ) );
			float sR = rayleighZenithLength * inverse;
			float sM = mieZenithLength * inverse;

			// combined extinction factor
			vec3 Fex = exp( -( vBetaR * sR + vBetaM * sM ) );

			// in scattering
			float cosTheta = dot( direction, vSunDirection );

			float rPhase = rayleighPhase( cosTheta * 0.5 + 0.5 );
			vec3 betaRTheta = vBetaR * rPhase;

			float mPhase = hgPhase( cosTheta, mieDirectionalG );
			vec3 betaMTheta = vBetaM * mPhase;

			vec3 Lin = pow( vSunE * ( ( betaRTheta + betaMTheta ) / ( vBetaR + vBetaM ) ) * ( 1.0 - Fex ), vec3( 1.5 ) );
			Lin *= mix( vec3( 1.0 ), pow( vSunE * ( ( betaRTheta + betaMTheta ) / ( vBetaR + vBetaM ) ) * Fex, vec3( 1.0 / 2.0 ) ), clamp( pow( 1.0 - dot( up, vSunDirection ), 5.0 ), 0.0, 1.0 ) );

			// nightsky
			float theta = acos( direction.y ); // elevation --> y-axis, [-pi/2, pi/2]
			float phi = atan( direction.z, direction.x ); // azimuth --> x-axis [-pi/2, pi/2]
			vec2 uv = vec2( phi, theta ) / vec2( 2.0 * pi, pi ) + vec2( 0.5, 0.0 );
			vec3 L0 = vec3( 0.1 ) * Fex;

			// composition + solar disc
			float sundisk = smoothstep( sunAngularDiameterCos, sunAngularDiameterCos + 0.00002, cosTheta );
			L0 += ( vSunE * 19000.0 * Fex ) * sundisk;

			vec3 texColor = ( Lin + L0 ) * 0.04 + vec3( 0.0, 0.0003, 0.00075 );

			// Clouds
			if ( direction.y > 0.0 && cloudCoverage > 0.0 ) {

				// Project to cloud plane (higher elevation = clouds appear lower/closer)
				float elevation = mix( 1.0, 0.1, cloudElevation );
				vec2 cloudUV = direction.xz / ( direction.y * elevation );
				cloudUV *= cloudScale;
				cloudUV += time * cloudSpeed;

				// Multi-octave noise for fluffy clouds
				float cloudNoise = fbm( cloudUV * 1000.0 );
				cloudNoise += 0.5 * fbm( cloudUV * 2000.0 + 3.7 );
				cloudNoise = cloudNoise * 0.5 + 0.5;

				// Apply coverage threshold
				float cloudMask = smoothstep( 1.0 - cloudCoverage, 1.0 - cloudCoverage + 0.3, cloudNoise );

				// Fade clouds near horizon (adjusted by elevation)
				float horizonFade = smoothstep( 0.0, 0.1 + 0.2 * cloudElevation, direction.y );
				cloudMask *= horizonFade;

				// Cloud lighting based on sun position
				float sunInfluence = dot( direction, vSunDirection ) * 0.5 + 0.5;
				float daylight = max( 0.0, vSunDirection.y * 2.0 );

				// Base cloud color affected by atmosphere
				vec3 atmosphereColor = Lin * 0.04;
				vec3 cloudColor = mix( vec3( 0.3 ), vec3( 1.0 ), daylight );
				cloudColor = mix( cloudColor, atmosphereColor + vec3( 1.0 ), sunInfluence * 0.5 );
				cloudColor *= vSunE * 0.00002;

				// Blend clouds with sky
				texColor = mix( texColor, cloudColor, cloudMask * cloudDensity );

			}

			gl_FragColor = vec4( texColor, 1.0 );

			#include <tonemapping_fragment>
			#include <colorspace_fragment>

		}`

};

export { Sky };